All topics

64 publications

Trauma & Fistula

Genitourinary trauma, fistula repair, rectourethral fistula, pelvic injury, buried penis, genital reconstruction, and complex salvage surgery.

Representative Work

All Trauma & Fistula Publications

Defining Uroplastics as a Collaborative Discipline at the Interface of Urology and Plastic Surgery

Sorenson TJ, Zhao L, Levine JP

Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2026

The intersection between urology and plastic surgery represents an important collaborative frontier in modern reconstruction. Defects involving the genitourinary and perineal regions frequently require the coordinated expertise of both specialties to...

Early Real-World Experience With Optilume Drug-coated Balloon for Anterior Urethral Strictures and Posterior Urethral Stenoses

Patel HV, Erickson BA, Abbasi B, Alsikafi NF, Broghammer JA, Pandit K, Buckley JC, Elliott SP, Daryabari SS, Myers JB, Smith TG, Lindekugel G, Voelzke BB, Vanni AJ, Zhao LC, Breyer BN

Urology · 2025

To determine the early experience with paclitaxel-drug coated balloon (DCB) for both anterior urethral stricture disease (aUSD) and posterior urethral stenoses (PUS). A retrospective review of patients undergoing Optilume DCB in the Trauma and Urologic...

Development and Validation of the Length, Segment, and Etiology Anterior Urethral Stricture Disease Staging System Using Longitudinal Urethroplasty Outcomes Data From the Trauma and Urologic Reconstructive Network of Surgeons

Erickson BA, Tuong MN, Zorn AN, Schlaepfer CH, Alsikafi NF, Breyer BN, Broghammer JA, Buckley JC, Elliott SP, Myers JB, Peterson AC, Rourke KF, Smith TG, Vanni AJ, Voelzke BB, Zhao LC

The Journal of urology · 2024

The purpose of this study was to create and validate an anterior urethral stricture disease (aUSD) staging system based on the previously validated Length (L), Urethral Segment (S), and Etiology (E; LSE) classification system. The Trauma and Urologic...

Technical Considerations and Outcomes for Panniculectomy in the Setting of Buried Penis Patients: A Systematic Review and Database Analysis

Barrow B, Laspro M, Brydges HT, Onuh O, Stead TS, Levine JP, Zhao LC, Chiu ES

Annals of plastic surgery · 2024

Often secondary to obesity, adult-acquired buried penis (AABP) is an increasingly common condition. AABP is often detrimental to urinary and sexual function, psychological well-being, and quality of life. Surgical treatment involves resection of excess...

The Impact of Social Deprivation on Anterior Urethral Stricture Recurrence After Urethroplasty: A Trauma and Urologic Reconstructive Network of Surgeons Analysis

Patel HV, Li KD, Rourke KF, Smith TG, Voelzke BB, Myers JB, Broghammer JA, Alsikafi NF, Buckley JC, Zhao LC, Elliott SP, Vanni AJ, Peterson AC, Erickson BA, Breyer BN

The Journal of urology · 2024

Several factors influence recurrence after urethral stricture repair. The impact of socioeconomic factors on stricture recurrence after urethroplasty is poorly understood. This study aims to assess the impact that social deprivation, an area-level measure...

Anterolateral Thigh Phalloplasty With Staged Skin Graft Urethroplasty: Technique and Outcomes

Robinson I, Chao BW, Blasdel G, Levine JP, Bluebond-Langner R, Zhao LC

Urology · 2023

1) To describe the authors' technique of anterolateral thigh (ALT) phalloplasty with staged skin graft urethroplasty and 2) to report the surgical outcomes and complications of this technique in a preliminary patient cohort. Following IRB (Institutional...

Clinical Validation of an Adult-acquired Buried Penis Classification System Based on Standardized Evaluation of the Penis, Abdomen, and Scrotum

Schlaepfer CH, Flynn KJ, Alsikafi NF, Breyer BN, Broghammer JA, Buckley JC, Elliott SP, Myers JB, Vanni AJ, Voelzke BB, Zhao LC, Erickson BA

Urology · 2023

To clinically validate a previously developed adult-acquired buried penis (AABP) classification system that is based on a standardized preoperative physical examination that subtypes patients by their penile skin/escutcheon complex (P), abdominal pannus...

Outcomes of Urethroplasty for Synchronous Anterior Urethral Stricture Utilizing the Trauma and Urologic Reconstruction Network of Surgeons Length, Segment and Etiology Anterior Urethral Stricture Classification System

Jamil ML, Hamsa A, Grove S, Cho EY, Alsikafi NF, Breyer BN, Broghammer JA, Buckley JC, Elliott SP, Erickson BA, Myers JB, Peterson AC, Rourke KF, Voelzke BB, Zhao LC, Vanni AJ

Urology · 2023

To describe the characteristics, management, and functional outcomes of patients with synchronous urethral stricture disease (SUSD) utilizing a multi-institutional cohort. Data were collected and assessed from a prospectively maintained,...

Urinary Reconstruction in Genital Gender-Affirming Surgery: Checking Our Surgical Complication Blind Spots

Blasdel G, Dy GW, Nikolavsky D, Ferrando CA, Bluebond-Langner R, Zhao LC

Plastic and reconstructive surgery · 2023

Urologic complications in genital gender-affirming surgery are imperfectly measured, with existing evidence limited by "blind spots" that will not be resolved through implementation of patient-reported outcomes alone. Some blind spots are expected in a...

Single-Port Robotic Posterior Urethroplasty Using Buccal Mucosa Grafts: Technique and Outcomes

Liu W, Shakir N, Zhao LC

Urology · 2021

To describe the technique, feasibility and short-term outcomes of buccal mucosa grafts in robotic lower urinary tract reconstruction. We reviewed 9 patients who underwent single-port robotic posterior urethroplasty with buccal mucosa graft from...

Surgical Outcomes Following Gender Affirming Penile Reconstruction: Patient-Reported Outcomes From a Multi-Center, International Survey of 129 Transmasculine Patients

Robinson IS, Blasdel G, Cohen O, Zhao LC, Bluebond-Langner R

The journal of sexual medicine · 2021

Current literature on surgical outcomes after gender affirming genital surgery is limited by small sample sizes from single-center studies. To use a community-based participatory research model to survey a large, heterogeneous cohort of transmasculine...

Robotic Peritoneal Flap Revision of Gender Affirming Vaginoplasty: a Novel Technique for Treating Neovaginal Stenosis

Dy GW, Blasdel G, Shakir NA, Bluebond-Langner R, Zhao LC

Urology · 2021

To present the technique and early outcomes of salvage neovaginal reconstruction using robotic dissection and peritoneal flap mobilization. Twenty-four patients underwent robotic peritoneal flap revision vaginoplasty from 2017 to 2020. A canal is dissected...

Urethroscopic Findings following Urethroplasty Predict the Need for Secondary Intervention in the Long Term: A Multi-Institutional Study from Trauma and Urologic Reconstructive Network of Surgeons

Amend GM, Nabavizadeh B, Hakam N, Voelzke BB, Smith TG, Erickson BA, Elliott SP, Alsikafi NF, Vanni AJ, Buckley JC, Zhao LC, Myers JB, Peterson AC, Rourke KF, Broghammer JA, Breyer BN

The Journal of urology · 2021

Postoperative surveillance urethroscopy has been shown to be an effective tool to predict reoperation within 1 year after urethroplasty. We aimed to evaluate early surveillance urethroscopy findings and long-term outcomes among urethroplasty patients in...

Vaginal Canal Reconstruction in Penile Inversion Vaginoplasty with Flaps, Peritoneum, or Skin Grafts: Where Is the Evidence?

Salibian AA, Schechter LS, Kuzon WM, Bouman MB, van der Sluis WB, Zhao LC, Bluebond-Langner R

Plastic and reconstructive surgery · 2021

To optimize neovaginal dimensions, several modifications of the traditional penile inversion vaginoplasty are described. Options for neovaginal lining include skin grafts, scrotal flaps, urethral flaps, and peritoneum. Implications of these techniques on...

Durable Treatment of Refractory Vesicourethral Anastomotic Stenosis via Robotic-assisted Reconstruction: A Trauma and Urologic Reconstructive Network of Surgeons Study

Shakir NA, Alsikafi NF, Buesser JF, Amend G, Breyer BN, Buckley JC, Erickson BA, Broghammer JA, Parker WP, Zhao LC

European urology · 2021

Refractory vesicourethral anastomotic stenosis (VUAS) after radical prostatectomy poses challenges distinct from bladder neck contracture, due to close proximity to the sphincter mechanism. Open reconstruction is technically demanding, risking de novo...

Propeller Flap Perineal Urethrostomy Revision

Schulster ML, Dy GW, Vranis NM, Jun MS, Shakir NA, Levine JP, Zhao LC

Urology · 2020

To describe a technique for perineal urethrostomy (PU) revision using a posterior thigh propeller flap for a complex repair at high risk for stenosis. Our technique utilizes the consistent posterior thigh perforators for a local flap with ideal length and...

Validating the Martini Staging System for Rectourethral Fistula: A Meta-Analysis of Postoperative Outcomes

Mishra K, Mahran A, Abboud B, Bukavina L, Elshafei A, Ray A, Fernstrum A, Abboud R, Elgammal M, Zhao LC, Gupta S

Urology · 2020

To validate the Martini staging system for postoperative rectourethral fistula (RUF) utilizing data from previous studies to determine whether it can accurately predict postoperative success rate. A systematic search of peer-reviewed studies was conducted...

Outcomes of Gender Affirming Peritoneal Flap Vaginoplasty Using the Da Vinci Single Port Versus Xi Robotic Systems

Dy GW, Jun MS, Blasdel G, Bluebond-Langner R, Zhao LC

European urology · 2020

Robotic-assisted peritoneal flap gender-affirming vaginoplasty (RPGAV) with the da Vinci Xi system has been reported to be a safe alternative to traditional penile inversion vaginoplasty. Utilizing the Single Port (SP) robot system, our surgical approach...

Development and Validation of A Male Anterior Urethral Stricture Classification System

Erickson BA, Flynn KJ, Hahn AE, Cotter K, Alsikafi NF, Breyer BN, Broghammer JA, Buckley JC, Elliott SP, Myers JB, Peterson AC, Rourke KF, Smith TG, Vanni AJ, Voelzke BB, Zhao LC, Trauma and Urologic Reconstruction Network of Surgeons (TURNS)

Urology · 2020

To develop and validate a clinical classification system for urethral stricture disease (USD) based on the retrograde urethrogram (RUG), physical exam, and stricture-specific patient history. Three elements were chosen to be included in the classification...

Robotically Assisted Omentum Flap Harvest: A Novel, Minimally Invasive Approach for Vascularized Lymph Node Transfer

Frey JD, Yu JW, Cohen SM, Zhao LC, Choi M, Levine JP

Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2020

The omentum provides abundant lymphatic tissue with reliable vascular anatomy, representing an ideal donor for vascularized lymph node transfer without risk for donor site lymphedema. We describe a novel, robotically assisted approach for omental flap...

Robotic Excision of Vaginal Remnant/Urethral Diverticulum for Relief of Urinary Symptoms Following Phalloplasty in Transgender Men

Cohen OD, Dy GW, Nolan IT, Maffucci F, Bluebond-Langner R, Zhao LC

Urology · 2019

To describe the technique of robotic remnant vaginectomy/excision of urethral diverticulum in transmen and report postoperative outcomes. Between 2015 and 2018, 4 patients underwent robotic remnant vaginectomy/excision of urethral diverticulum for relief...

Presenting Complications to a Reconstructive Urologist After Masculinizing Genital Reconstructive Surgery

Dy GW, Granieri MA, Fu BC, Vanni AJ, Voelzke B, Rourke KF, Elliott SP, Nikolavsky D, Zhao LC

Urology · 2019

To evaluate the presenting complications of patients to reconstructive urologists after masculinizing gender affirming genital reconstructive surgery (GRS) performed elsewhere. We identified patients who underwent revision surgery by one of the co-authors...

Multicenter analysis of posterior urethroplasty complexity and outcomes following pelvic fracture urethral injury

Johnsen NV, Moses RA, Elliott SP, Vanni AJ, Baradaran N, Greear G, Smith TG, Granieri MA, Alsikafi NF, Erickson BA, Myers JB, Breyer BN, Buckley JC, Zhao LC, Voelzke BB, Trauma Urologic Reconstruction Network of Surgeons(TURNS)

World journal of urology · 2019

To analyze outcomes of posterior urethroplasty following pelvic fracture urethral injuries (PFUI) and to determine risk factors for surgical complexity and success. Patients who underwent posterior urethroplasty following PFUI were identified in the Trauma...

Multi-Institutional Outcomes of Minimally Invasive Harvest of Rectal Mucosa Graft for Anterior Urethral Reconstruction

Granieri MA, Zhao LC, Breyer BN, Voelzke BB, Baradaran N, Grucela AL, Marcello P, Vanni AJ

The Journal of urology · 2019

We report multi-institutional outcomes in patients who underwent urethroplasty with a rectal mucosa graft. We used the TURNS (Trauma and Urologic Reconstructive Network of Surgeons) database to identify patients who underwent urethral reconstruction with...

Clinical significance of cystoscopic urethral stricture recurrence after anterior urethroplasty: a multi-institution analysis from Trauma and Urologic Reconstructive Network of Surgeons (TURNS)

Baradaran N, Fergus KB, Moses RA, Patel DP, Gaither TW, Voelzke BB, Smith TG, Erickson BA, Elliott SP, Alsikafi NF, Vanni AJ, Buckley J, Zhao LC, Myers JB, Breyer BN

World journal of urology · 2019

To assess the functional Queryoutcome of patients with cystoscopic recurrence of stricture post-urethroplasty and to evaluate the role of cystoscopy as initial screening tool to predict future failure. Cases with cystoscopy data after anterior...

Robotic Davydov Peritoneal Flap Vaginoplasty for Augmentation of Vaginal Depth in Feminizing Vaginoplasty

Jacoby A, Maliha S, Granieri MA, Cohen O, Dy GW, Bluebond-Langner R, Zhao LC

The Journal of urology · 2019

Penile inversion vaginoplasty is the most common procedure for genital reconstruction in transwomen. While penile inversion vaginoplasty usually provides an excellent aesthetic result, the technique may be complicated by vaginal stenosis and inadequate...

Patency and Incontinence Rates After Robotic Bladder Neck Reconstruction for Vesicourethral Anastomotic Stenosis and Recalcitrant Bladder Neck Contractures: The Trauma and Urologic Reconstructive Network of Surgeons Experience

Kirshenbaum EJ, Zhao LC, Myers JB, Elliott SP, Vanni AJ, Baradaran N, Erickson BA, Buckley JC, Voelzke BB, Granieri MA, Summers SJ, Breyer BN, Dash A, Weinberg A, Alsikafi NF

Urology · 2018

To review a robotic approach to recalcitrant bladder neck obstruction and to assess success and incontinence rates. Patients with a recalcitrant bladder neck contracture or vesicourethral anastomotic stenosis who underwent robotic bladder neck...

Evaluation of Generic Versus Condition-Specific Quality of Life Indicators for Successful Urethral Stricture Surgery

Chung PH, Vanni AJ, Breyer BN, Erickson BA, Myers JB, Alsikafi N, Buckley J, Elliott SP, Zhao LC, Voelzke BB, Trauma and Urologic Reconstructive Network of Surgeons (TURNS)

Urology · 2018

To compare the utility of generic health quality of life (QOL) and condition specific indicators as patient reported outcomes measures for urethral stricture surgery. Patient data were obtained from the Trauma and Urologic Reconstructive Network of...

Urologic Complications After Phalloplasty or Metoidioplasty

Nikolavsky D, Hughes M, Zhao LC

Clinics in plastic surgery · 2018

In the past decade, issues facing transgender individuals have come to the forefront of popular culture, political discourse, and medical study. The evaluating physician should have knowledge of the reconstructed anatomy, as well as potential postoperative...

Reconstructive Management Pearls for the Transgender Patient

Dy GW, Sun J, Granieri MA, Zhao LC

Current urology reports · 2018

A growing number of transgender patients are seeking gender-affirming genital reconstructive surgery (GRS). These complex procedures have high complication rates. We describe common surgical pitfalls in GRS and approaches for minimizing complications....

Robotic-assisted laparoscopic repair of ureteral injury: an evidence-based review of techniques and outcomes

Tracey AT, Eun DD, Stifelman MD, Hemal AK, Stein RJ, Mottrie A, Cadeddu JA, Stolzenburg JU, Berger AK, Buffi N, Zhao LC, Lee Z, Hampton L, Porpiglia F, Autorino R

Minerva urologica e nefrologica = The Italian journal of urology and nephrology · 2018

Iatrogenic ureteral injuries represent a common surgical problem encountered by practicing urologists. With the rapidly expanding applications of robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery, ureteral reconstruction has been an important field of recent...

Outcomes of Urethroplasty to Treat Urethral Strictures Arising From Artificial Urinary Sphincter Erosions and Rates of Subsequent Device Replacement

Keihani S, Chandrapal JC, Peterson AC, Broghammer JA, Chertack N, Elliott SP, Rourke KF, Alsikafi NF, Buckley JC, Breyer BN, Smith TG, Voelzke BB, Zhao LC, Brant WO, Myers JB, Trauma and Urologic Reconstruction Network of Surgeons (TURNS, TURNSresearch.org)

Urology · 2017

To evaluate the success of urethroplasty for urethral strictures arising after erosion of an artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) and rates of subsequent AUS replacement. From 2009-2016, we identified patients from the Trauma and Urologic Reconstruction...

Urologic Sequelae Following Phalloplasty in Transgendered Patients

Nikolavsky D, Yamaguchi Y, Levine JP, Zhao LC

The Urologic clinics of North America · 2017

In recent years, the issues of the transgender population have become more visible in the media worldwide. Transgender patients at various stages of their transformation will present to urologic clinics requiring general or specialized urologic care....

Decision Analysis Model Comparing Cost of Management Strategies for Pelvic Fracture Urethral Injuries

Tausch TJ, Lotan Y, Zhao L, Morey AF

Urology practice · 2016

We compare the costs associated with primary endoscopic realignment vs delayed elective bulbomembranous anastomotic urethroplasty after initial management of pelvic fracture urethral injuries with suprapubic tubes. Decision analysis was performed comparing...

Radiation-induced complex anterior urinary fistulation for prostate cancer: a retrospective multicenter study from the Trauma and Urologic Reconstruction Network of Surgeons (TURNS)

Osterberg EC, Vanni AJ, Gaither TW, Awad MA, Broghammer JA, Pate SC, Wyre H, Myers JB, Elliott SP, Krishna S, Zhao LC, McClung C, Erickson BA, Breyer BN

World journal of urology · 2016

To characterize anterior urinary fistulae following radiotherapy for prostate cancer. Over 10 years, 31 men were identified to have an anterior urinary fistula. A retrospective database was created to evaluate patient demographics, presentation, diagnostic...

Fasciocutaneous flap reinforcement of ventral onlay buccal mucosa grafts enables neophallus revision urethroplasty

Wilson SC, Stranix JT, Khurana K, Morrison SD, Levine JP, Zhao LC

Therapeutic advances in urology · 2016

Urethral strictures or fistulas are common complications after phalloplasty. Neourethral defects pose a difficult reconstructive challenge using standard techniques as there is generally insufficient ventral tissue to support a graft urethroplasty. We...

Guideline of guidelines: a review of urological trauma guidelines

Bryk DJ, Zhao LC

BJU international · 2015

To review the guidelines released in the last decade by several organisations for the optimal evaluation and management of genitourinary injuries (renal, ureteric, bladder, urethral and genital). This is a review of the genitourinary trauma guidelines from...

Tissue transfer techniques in reconstructive urology

Bryk DJ, Yamaguchi Y, Zhao LC

Korean journal of urology · 2015

Tissue transfer techniques are an essential part of the reconstructive urologist's armamentarium. Flaps and graft techniques are widely used in genital and urethral reconstruction. A graft is tissue that is moved from a donor site to a recipient site...

Reconstruction of traumatic and reoperative anterior urethral strictures via excisional techniques

Zhao LC, Hudak SJ, Morey AF

The Urologic clinics of North America · 2013

Reoperative urethroplasty is complicated by increased urethral and periurethral scar and the frequent persistence of comorbid conditions that caused the original failure. Nevertheless, by experienced clinicians, reoperative urethral reconstruction can be...

Clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of penetrating external genital injuries

Bjurlin MA, Kim DY, Zhao LC, Palmer CJ, Cohn MR, Vidal PP, Bokhari F, Hollowell CM

The journal of trauma and acute care surgery · 2013

Penetrating external genital injuries, although uncommon, may present complex problems for the urologic and trauma surgeon. A paucity of data exists on the incidence, clinical characteristics, and management outcomes of these injuries because few...

Complications following urethral reconstructive surgery: a six year experience

Navai N, Erickson BA, Zhao LC, Okotie OT, Gonzalez CM

International braz j urol : official journal of the Brazilian Society of Urology · 2008

We present a single institutional experience over 6 years of intra and postoperative complications following urethral reconstructive surgery, and the impact of these complications on overall results. From June 2000 through May 2006, 153 consecutive...

Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation-induced perinephric hematoma with acute renal failure in a solitary kidney

Zhao LC, Chan SW, Macejko AM, Lin WW

Journal of endourology · 2008

Iatrogenic occurrences (including radiologically guided renal biopsy, shockwave lithotripsy, and minimally invasive ablative procedures) of subcapsular hematoma that lead to acute renal failure are rare but serious. The advancement of minimally invasive...

Urethral reconstruction in patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction

Casey JT, Erickson BA, Navai N, Zhao LC, Meeks JJ, Gonzalez CM

The Journal of urology · 2008

There is limited literature examining urethral reconstruction in patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction. We describe our experience of urethral reconstruction in men with concurrent neurogenic bladder. A prospectively maintained database of all...

Renal ischemia/reperfusion injury activates the enhancer domain of the human cytomegalovirus major immediate early promoter

Kim SJ, Varghese TK, Zhang Z, Zhao LC, Thomas G, Hummel M, Abecassis M

American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2005

Reactivation of latent human cytomegalovirus is of significant concern in immunocompromised transplant patients and is likely to occur through transcriptional activation of immediate early (ie) gene expression through mechanisms that are not well...